Transforming agricultural waste into adsorbent: application of Fagopyrum esculentum wheat husks treated with H2SO4 to adsorption of the 2,4-D herbicide

Wheat husks (Fagopyrum esculentum) were modified by treatment with sulfuric acid. The precursor material (FEWS) and the (TFEWS) characterized different techniques to identify structural changes promoted chemical treatment. Subsequently, TFEWS was applied as an adsorbent remove 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) pesticide from aqueous solutions. Adsorption studies considered pH effects dosage on sorption capacity. Also, it evaluated kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamic behavior. used treat spiked-pesticide river waters check its applicability in actual situations. It found that of solution had a strong influence adsorption process, selecting 2 for subsequent experiments. Regarding dosage, best relationship between percentage herbicide removal (45%) material’s capacity (24 mg g-1) occurred at 0.95 g L-1. Avrami-fractional order (also known Bangham) kinetic model better represented experimental data. In contrast, Liu showed adjustment equilibrium isotherms system, reaching Qmax 161.1 g-1 298 K. behavior pointed be spontaneous, favorable, exothermic, consistent mechanism involving electrostatic interactions. application situations close ones presented 76.00% 76.30% removals simulated effluent “Conceição” “Jacuí” rivers, respectively.